Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive chemicals from Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. using...

This study was designed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive chemicals from Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. through RSM (response surface methodology) and ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system). The effect of four independent parameters, methanol concentration (X₁: 55-65%), temperature (X₂: 30-40 °C), time (X₃: 15-20 min) and particle size (X₄: 0.5-1.00 mm) at five levels (- 2 ,- 1, 0, + 1, + 2) with respect to dependent parameters, total polyphenols content (TP) (y₁), total flavonoids content (TF) (y₂), %DPPHsc (y₃), %ABTSsc (y₄) and %H₂O₂sc (y₅) were selected. The optimal extraction condition was observed at X₁ = 65%, X₂ = 40 °C, X₃ = 20 min and X₄ = 0.5 mm; under this circumstance, y₁ = 352.85 mg gallic acid equivalents (GA)/g, y₂ = 300.204 mg rutin equivalents (RU)/g and their antioxidant potentials (y₃ = 81.33%, y₄ = 65.04%, and y₅ = 71.01%) has been attained. ANFIS was used to compare and confirm the optimized extraction parameter values. Further, GC-MS and LC-MS were performed to investigate the bioactive chemicals present in the optimized extract.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01351-9.