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Pneumococcal Septic Shock Syndrome: A Deadly Condition Despite Vaccination
Liliana Costa1, Sofia Silva1, Núria Jorge1
1Intensive Care Unit Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT.
Cureus
|January 15, 2024
Summary
Invasive pneumococcal disease remains a threat, even in vaccinated asplenic patients. Fever in these individuals signals an emergency, underscoring the need for vigilance despite vaccination success.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) presents a significant mortality risk, particularly for asplenic individuals.
- Widespread vaccination has reduced IPD incidence, with new conjugate vaccines introduced in 2021.
- Asplenia compromises immune function, increasing susceptibility to encapsulated bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Observation:
- A case study of a 58-year-old male with a complete immunization schedule and prior splenectomy is presented.
- The patient experienced a rapid, fatal course of invasive pneumococcal disease.
- Fever in asplenic patients was identified as a critical emergency sign.
Findings:
- Despite successful immunization programs, IPD can still occur with high fatality.
- Evolving pneumococcal serotypes pose an ongoing challenge to vaccine efficacy.
- Local epidemiological data may be crucial for optimizing vaccine recommendations, especially with new vaccine introductions.
Implications:
- Fever in asplenic patients requires immediate medical attention, irrespective of vaccination status.
- Continuous monitoring of pneumococcal serotype distribution is essential for public health strategies.
- Personalized vaccination strategies, informed by local epidemiology, may be necessary to address emerging threats.
Keywords:
aspleniainvasive pneumococcal diseasepneumococcal conjugate vaccineseptic shock (ss)streptococcus pneumoniaeMore Related Videos
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