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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Syphilis and COVID-19: Changing trends.

Ananya Sambyal1, Naina Kala Dogra2, Shivani Ranjan2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
|January 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 restrictions initially decreased syphilis cases in India, but primary and secondary syphilis saw a significant increase post-lockdown. This suggests STIs transmission may persist despite public health measures.

Keywords:
COVID-19epidemiologylockdownsyphilis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acquired syphilis patterns are evolving in India due to improved diagnostics and treatment.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions may have impacted syphilis incidence.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trends in acquired syphilis.
  • To analyze the relationship between syphilis incidence and the COVID-19 outbreak.
  • To examine changes in clinical presentations and associations with HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of sexually transmitted infection (STI) cases from January 2016 to June 2022.
  • Inclusion of demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for acquired syphilis.
  • Statistical analysis to identify trends and correlations, including pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown periods.

Main Results:

  • A total of 216 out of 1105 patients (19.5%) were diagnosed with syphilis.
  • An increasing trend of late latent syphilis was observed before the COVID-19 lockdown.
  • A statistically significant increase in primary and secondary syphilis cases was noted post-lockdown, with no significant differences in patient demographics or HIV status.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 lockdown measures initially led to a decline in syphilis cases.
  • The post-lockdown surge in primary and secondary syphilis indicates potential ongoing STI transmission.
  • Further research is needed to determine if the initial decline was due to reduced transmission or other factors like testing limitations.