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Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Explicit Memories01:27

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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
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Storage01:23

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Understanding Memory01:19

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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
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Opening a conceptual space for metamemory experience.

Joseph Neisser1, George Abreu1, Daniel L Drane2,3

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Grinnell College, 1120 Park St, Grinnell, IA, 50112, USA.

New Ideas in Psychology
|January 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study integrates metamemory (feelings about remembering) into memory models. It proposes a fourth dimension to map memory states, enhancing understanding of phenomena like déjà vu.

Keywords:
ConcordanceConsciousnessDéjà vuMemoryMetamemoryPhenomenology

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Current memory models often exclude metamemory experiences.
  • David Rubin's (2022) three-dimensional memory model lacks systematic specification of metamemory feelings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define a distinct role for metamemory in relation to first-order memory content.
  • To propose and support a fourth dimension for memory state mapping.
  • To conceptualize a new category of memory state: autonoetic knowing.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis integrating metamemory into existing memory frameworks.
  • Neurocognitive and clinical reasoning to support the proposed model.
  • Application of the modified model to illustrate memory states and phenomena.

Main Results:

  • A modified, four-dimensional model of memory states incorporating metamemory.
  • Conceptualization of 'autonoetic knowing' as a distinct memory state.
  • Demonstration of the model's utility in explaining phenomena like déjà vu.

Conclusions:

  • Metamemory experiences are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of memory.
  • The proposed fourth dimension enhances memory state mapping and conceptualization.
  • Caution against the doctrine of concordance: memory experience is not always directly correlated with memory content.