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The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

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Carbon Pricing is not Unjust.

Kian Mintz-Woo^1,2

¹Department of Philosophy & Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork T12 Y1F1 Ireland.

Global Challenges (Hoboken, NJ)

|January 15, 2024

Summary

Carbon pricing can be just through revenue recycling for distributive justice and is compatible with fair procedures like Citizens' Assemblies. This approach offers progressive benefits and is faster than broad climate frameworks.

Keywords:

carbon pricing carbon taxes climate ethics climate justice distributive justice

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Area of Science:

Environmental Policy
Climate Justice
Public Deliberation

Background:

Carbon pricing is a key climate policy tool.
Concerns exist regarding its fairness and justice implications.
Alternative climate frameworks face challenges in timely implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

To argue that carbon pricing is not unjust.
To examine carbon pricing through the lenses of distributive and procedural justice.
To evaluate the justice dimensions of carbon pricing and compare it to alternative climate policies.

Main Methods:

Philosophical argument and ethical analysis.
Examination of distributive justice via revenue recycling.
Assessment of procedural justice through deliberative democratic models like Citizens' Assemblies.

Main Results:

Carbon pricing can achieve distributive justice through equitable revenue recycling, potentially yielding progressive benefits.
Carbon pricing is procedurally flexible and compatible with fair participatory processes.
Citizens' Assemblies provide a morally justifiable procedural model, fostering agreement on carbon pricing.
Ambitious, multi-challenge frameworks may be too slow for effective climate action.

Conclusions:

Carbon pricing can be designed to be both distributionally and procedurally just.
Deliberative processes like Citizens' Assemblies enhance the legitimacy and acceptance of carbon pricing.
Carbon pricing presents a more timely and effective climate policy compared to slower, broader frameworks.