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Glycols: The ubiquitous solvent for dermal formulations
1Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
Summary
Glycols, like propylene glycol, are effective pharmaceutical excipients that enhance drug permeation through the skin. This review clarifies their mechanisms for improved dermal drug delivery.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Dermal Drug Delivery
- Cosmeceutical Formulation
Background:
- Glycols are widely utilized safe and effective excipients in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.
- Their efficacy stems from excellent solvency and interaction with skin lipids and keratin.
- Propylene glycol is a particularly popular choice for these applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To consolidate existing literature on glycol effects in dermal drug delivery.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which glycols enhance skin permeation.
- To provide a comprehensive understanding of glycol-mediated percutaneous absorption.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
- Analysis of glycol interactions with skin components.
- Examination of permeation enhancement mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Glycols significantly enhance the percutaneous absorption of active compounds.
- Specific interactions with skin lipids and keratin are key to their function.
- Propylene glycol demonstrates notable efficacy in this regard.
Conclusions:
- Glycols are crucial for optimizing dermal drug delivery.
- Understanding their permeation enhancement mechanisms is vital for formulation development.
- This review offers a unified perspective on glycol functionality in topical applications.
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