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Novel technologies for applying immune checkpoint blockers

Robin Maximilian Awad1, Karine Breckpot1

  • 1Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|January 15, 2024
PubMed

Cancer cells develop several ways to subdue the immune system among others via upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) proteins. These ICPs paralyze immune effector cells and thereby enable unfettered tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block ICPs can prevent immune exhaustion. Due to their outstanding effects, mAbs revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, current ICP therapy regimens suffer from issues related to systemic administration of mAbs, including the onset of immune related adverse events, poor pharmacokinetics, limited tumor accessibility and immunogenicity. These drawbacks and new insights on spatiality prompted the exploration of novel administration routes for mAbs for instance peritumoral delivery. Moreover, novel ICP drug classes that are adept to novel delivery technologies were developed to circumvent the drawbacks of mAbs. We therefore review the state-of-the-art and novel delivery strategies of ICP drugs.

Keywords:
Administration routeCell therapyCytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4Gene therapyInhibitory immune checkpointMonoclonal antibodyNanobodyNanomedicineProgrammed cell death protein-1Programmed death-ligand 1

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