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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

Novel technologies for applying immune checkpoint blockers.

Robin Maximilian Awad¹, Karine Breckpot¹

¹Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

|January 15, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) fight cancer but have drawbacks. Novel delivery strategies and drug classes are emerging to improve efficacy and reduce side effects.

Keywords:

Administration route Cell therapy Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 Gene therapy Inhibitory immune checkpoint Monoclonal antibody Nanobody Nanomedicine Programmed cell death protein-1 Programmed death-ligand 1

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Pharmacology

Background:

Cancer cells evade immune detection by upregulating inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) proteins, leading to immune exhaustion and tumor growth.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting ICPs have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy by preventing immune exhaustion.
Current ICP therapies face challenges including systemic administration issues like adverse events, poor pharmacokinetics, limited tumor penetration, and immunogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state-of-the-art in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICP) drug delivery.
To explore novel delivery strategies and drug classes for ICPs to overcome limitations of current mAb therapies.
To highlight advancements in peritumoral delivery and new ICP drug formulations.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current and emerging ICP drug delivery strategies.
Analysis of the drawbacks associated with systemic administration of ICP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
Exploration of novel delivery technologies and new ICP drug classes.

Main Results:

Systemic administration of mAbs leads to adverse events, poor pharmacokinetics, and limited tumor accessibility.
Peritumoral delivery and novel drug classes offer potential solutions to current ICP therapy limitations.
New delivery technologies are being developed to enhance ICP drug efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:

Novel delivery strategies and drug classes are crucial for advancing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Addressing limitations of current mAb therapies through innovative delivery methods can improve cancer treatment outcomes.
The field is moving towards more targeted and effective delivery of ICP drugs to enhance anti-tumor immunity.