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Evolution, the Cognitive Sciences, and the Science of Victimization.

Jamie M Gajos1, Brian B Boutwell2,3

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Evolutionary Psychology : an International Journal of Evolutionary Approaches to Psychology and Behavior
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Summary

Low self-control strongly predicts adolescent victimization, while intelligence shows no effect. Integrating cognitive science enhances criminological theories like Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory.

Keywords:
adolescent victimizationdisadvantaged youthintelligenceself-control

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Area of Science:

  • Criminological theory
  • Cognitive science
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime is a dominant criminological framework.
  • The theory has historically excluded insights from cognitive science, neuroscience, and evolutionary theory.
  • This exclusion may limit the comprehensive understanding of criminal behavior and victimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory by incorporating cognitive science.
  • To investigate the cognitive underpinnings of adolescent victimization.
  • To analyze the relationship between self-control, intelligence, and victimization in adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N=3,444).
  • Employed robust measures of self-control and intelligence.
  • Assessed four distinct types of adolescent victimization.

Main Results:

  • Self-control demonstrated a significant and robust association with all measured forms of adolescent victimization.
  • Intelligence exhibited no detectable effect on adolescent victimization across the study sample.
  • Findings support the central role of self-control in understanding victimization risk.

Conclusions:

  • Low self-control is a key predictor of adolescent victimization.
  • Integrating cognitive and developmental perspectives can strengthen criminological theories.
  • Future research should explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying self-control and victimization.