Fast quantum interference of a nanoparticle via optical potential control

We introduce and theoretically analyze a scheme to prepare and detect non-Gaussian quantum states of an optically levitated particle via the interaction with light pulses that generate cubic and inverted potentials. We show that this approach allows to operate on sufficiently short time- and length scales to beat decoherence in a regime accessible in state-of-the-art experiments. Specifically, we predict the observation of single-particle interference of a nanoparticle with a mass above 10⁸ atomic mass units delocalized by several nanometers, on timescales of milliseconds. The proposed experiment uses only optical and electrostatic control, and can be performed at about 10^-10 mbar and at room temperature. We discuss the prospect of this method for coherently splitting the wavepacket of massive dielectric objects without using either projective measurements or an internal level structure.