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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

592
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
592
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

589
EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
589
Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

807
In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
807
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

954
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
954

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
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Boosting Oxygen Reduction at Pt(111)|Proton Exchange Ionomer Interfaces through Tuning the Microenvironment Water

Yujun Xu1, Lulu Zhang1, Wei Chen1

  • 1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Higher drying temperatures reduce polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance by affecting ionomer wetting. Intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction activity is higher than apparent, suggesting improved membrane electrode assembly preparation methods.

Keywords:
Pt(111)adsorptionionomeroxygen reduction reactionwater activity

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Proton exchange ionomers are crucial for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), enabling proton conduction and binding nanocatalysts.
  • The microenvironment within membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), particularly at three-phase interfaces, significantly impacts electrode kinetics like the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of ionomer wetting conditions on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the Pt(111)|ionomer interface.
  • To understand how drying temperature influences ionomer behavior and intrinsic ORR activity.
  • To provide insights for optimizing MEA preparation for enhanced ORR performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a model system of Pt(111)|X ionomer interface (X = Nafion, Aciplex, D72).
  • Investigated the impact of drying temperature on sulfonate adsorption and ORR kinetics.
  • Analyzed the blocking effect of sulfonate adsorption and PTFE skeleton on Pt active sites.

Main Results:

  • Higher drying temperatures decreased sulfonate adsorption onset potential and apparent ORR current.
  • The current wave for adsorbed hydroxyl (OHad) formation shifted positively and decreased.
  • Intrinsic ORR activity was found to be higher than apparent activity after accounting for blocking effects.
  • Reduced water activity at the interface, induced by ionomer/PTFE, explained the observed mixed potential effect.

Conclusions:

  • Drying temperature critically affects ionomer wetting and ORR performance in PEMFCs.
  • The intrinsic ORR activity is higher than measured, highlighting the importance of correcting for surface blocking effects.
  • Optimizing MEA preparation by controlling ionomer/PTFE interactions and water activity can enhance ORR performance.