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Nutrient patterns and risk of diabetes mellitus type 2: a case-control study
Morteza Haramshahi1, Thoraya Mohamed Elhassan A-Elgadir2, Hamid Mahmood Abdullah Daabo3
1Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
BMC Endocrine Disorders
|January 16, 2024
Summary
Adhering to a nutrient pattern rich in plant protein, vitamins A, C, B2, potassium, and calcium may lower type 2 diabetes risk. This dietary pattern shows a reduced likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Metabolic Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Limited evidence exists on the link between nutrient patterns and diabetes complications.
- Diet's role in preventing and managing diabetes complications is recognized.
- This study investigates nutrient patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between nutrient patterns and T2D.
- To analyze dietary nutrient intake in individuals with and without T2D.
Main Methods:
- Case-control study design.
- Inclusion of 225 newly diagnosed T2D cases and 225 controls.
- Dietary assessment using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
- Nutrient pattern identification via principal component analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation.
- Logistic regression analysis to determine T2D risk.
Main Results:
- Three distinct nutrient patterns were identified.
- Nutrient Pattern 3 (NP3) was characterized by high intake of fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium.
- Individuals in the highest tertile of NP3 exhibited a significantly lower risk of T2D (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.89, P_trend=0.039) after adjusting for confounders.
Conclusions:
- A nutrient pattern rich in plant protein, vitamin A, C, B2, potassium, and calcium is associated with a reduced risk of developing T2D.
- These findings suggest a potential dietary strategy for T2D prevention.
- Further research is warranted to confirm the relationship between specific nutrient patterns and T2D risk.
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