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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Organic radicals are emerging as a new class of molecular emitters.
  • Their unique spin states (doublet or higher multiplet) differ from conventional closed-shell molecules.
  • Radicals exhibit distinct electronic excitation and relaxation dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review luminescent organic radicals as an emerging photofunctional molecular system.
  • To introduce material developments, fundamental properties, and photofunctions of luminescent radicals.
  • To highlight the potential of radicals in expanding luminescent molecular materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on luminescent organic radicals.
  • Categorization of materials including monoradicals, radical oligomers, polymers, and metal complexes.
  • Inclusion of transiently formed radicals generated in situ.

Main Results:

  • Luminescent organic radicals display unique properties: efficient electron-photon conversion, NIR emission, magnetoluminescence, absence of heavy atom effect, and spin-dependent dynamics.
  • These properties are difficult or impossible to achieve with closed-shell luminophores.
  • Materials range from stable radicals to transiently formed ones.

Conclusions:

  • Luminescent organic radicals offer unique photophysical properties and dynamics.
  • They have significant potential to expand the chemical and spin spaces of luminescent materials.
  • Radicals broaden the applicability of photofunctional systems.