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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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P-ANCA Vasculitis Presenting with Orbital Infiltration.

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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides can impact the orbit, presenting as an uncommon cause of orbital inflammation. Early diagnosis by ophthalmologists is crucial for managing this severe condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are systemic inflammatory conditions.
  • Ophthalmic manifestations of AAV are linked to increased mortality compared to other inflammatory eye diseases.
  • Perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA) vasculitis is a rare cause of orbital inflammation.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease presented with a year-long history of an orbital mass and edema.
  • Ophthalmic examination revealed 360° optic disc elevation in the right eye.
  • MRI demonstrated an infiltrative lesion in the right orbit extending to the cavernous sinus.

Findings:

  • Laboratory work and orbital biopsy confirmed p-ANCA vasculitis.
  • The patient's ocular symptoms resolved following treatment with methylprednisolone.
  • This case illustrates an atypical orbital presentation of p-ANCA vasculitis.

Implications:

  • Diagnosing AAV can be challenging due to diverse clinical presentations.
  • Ophthalmologists play a vital role in identifying systemic diseases like AAV through appropriate inflammatory workups.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of orbital AAV are essential for patient outcomes.