Influence of isolation stress and inhibited protein biosynthesis on learning and memory in goldfish

Goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus L. (Pisces, Cyprinidae), were trained by different kinds of training procedures under the influence of cycloheximide or puromycin, two inhibitors of the protein biosynthesis. After active avoidance training in a shuttle box an apparent amnesia was found only when the fish were exposed to a one day lasting isolation stress prior to training. If the animals were accustomed to isolation over a period of 20 days the inhibitors did not affect memory formation. After learning by positive reinforcement (food rewarded color discrimination) in groups under stress-free conditions, neither learning nor memory formation were impaired in spite of the presence of cycloheximide. It is suggested that the amnestic effect of the inhibitors is caused by isolation treatment. Lack of the additional stress, however, leads to memory formation.