Single-pixel transmission matrix recovery via two-photon fluorescence

Area of Science:

• Optics and Photonics
• Biomedical Imaging
• Materials Science

Background:

• Deep imaging in opaque materials is challenging.
• Wavefront shaping advances deep imaging but has limitations.
• Current methods often require cameras or lack sensitivity for weak optical signals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a noninvasive method for deep imaging in opaque materials.
• To overcome limitations of existing wavefront-shaping techniques.
• To achieve single-target focus on multiple guidestars beyond the memory effect range.

Main Methods:

• Noninvasive retrieval of the transmission matrix (TM).
• Utilizing two-photon fluorescence with single-pixel detection.
• Employing a computational framework for data processing.
• Leveraging memory effect correlations to reduce measurements.

Main Results:

• Successfully retrieved the transmission matrix noninvasively.
• Achieved single-target focus on multiple guidestars beyond the memory effect range.
• Demonstrated substantial reduction in required measurements by assuming TM correlations.

Conclusions:

• The developed method enhances deep imaging capabilities in opaque materials.
• Single-pixel detection and computational framework offer a sensitive alternative.
• Reduced measurement requirements improve efficiency for deep imaging applications.