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Comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality in adults in Lima, Peru: a retrospective cohort study
M Gabriela Soto-Cabezas1, Mary F Reyes-Vega1, Anderson N Soriano-Moreno1
1Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades, Ministerio de Salud. Lima, Perú.
Insights
Chronic neurological disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 mortality in hospitalized adults across all age groups. Young adults (18-29) faced the highest mortality risk from these comorbidities.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected older adults, but understanding risk factors in younger adult populations is crucial.
- Identifying comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality is essential for targeted public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate comorbidities associated with mortality in adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19.
- To analyze these associations by specific age groups: young adults (18-29), adults (30-59), and older adults (≥60).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study analyzed data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Lima and Callao, Peru (March-October 2020).
- Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate relative risks of mortality associated with comorbidities.
- Patients were stratified into three age groups for analysis.
Main Results:
- Older adults exhibited the highest COVID-19 mortality rate (63.7%), followed by adults (27.1%) and young adults (8.5%).
- Chronic neurological disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer were independently associated with increased mortality risk across all age groups.
- Specific comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and immunodeficiency were also identified as risk factors within different age brackets, with young adults showing higher risk from comorbidities.
Conclusions:
- Chronic neurological, renal, and liver diseases, along with cancer, are significant risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in hospitalized adults.
- The risk associated with comorbidities was notably higher in the youngest adult group (18-29 years).
- These findings aid in identifying high-risk patient groups for tailored COVID-19 management strategies.
Objectives.:
Motivation for the study. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality rate from this disease was higher in adults and the elderly. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that were associated with mortality from COVID-19 in adults, by age group. Main findings. Chronic neurological disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer increased the risk of dying from COVID-19 in the three age groups we analyzed, which were made up of hospitalized patients from Lima and Callao. The risk of mortality associated with comorbidities was higher in patients aged 18 to 29. Implications. This study helps to identify the groups of patients with the highest risk of death from COVID-19, according to age group and type of comorbidity. . To evaluate comorbidities associated with mortality in adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in hospitals in Lima and Callao.
Materials And Methods.:
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Peruvian Ministry of Health from March to October 2020. We estimated relative risks with 95% confidence intervals using Poisson regression models with robust variance to assess comorbidities associated with mortality by age group: young adults (18-29 years), adults (30-59 years) and older adults (≥60 years).
Results.:
We included 2366 young adults, 23,781 adults and 25,356 older adults. Older adults had the highest mortality (63.7%) compared to adults (27.1%) and young adults (8.5%). Regardless of age group, the presence of neurological disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Additionally, cardiovascular disease was also a risk factor in young adults; obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and immunodeficiency in adults; and obesity and chronic lung disease in the elderly.
Conclusions.:
Regardless of age groups, individuals with chronic neurologic disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer were at high risk of death from COVID-19.
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