Optical properties and plasmons in moiré structures

The discoveries of numerous exciting phenomena in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) are stimulating significant investigations on moiré structures that possess a tunable moiré potential. Optical response can provide insights into the electronic structures and transport phenomena of non-twisted and twisted moiré structures. In this article, we review both experimental and theoretical studies of optical properties such as optical conductivity, dielectric function, non-linear optical response, and plasmons in moiré structures composed of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and/or transition metal dichalcogenides. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction to the widely employed methodology on optical properties is presented. After, moiré potential induced optical conductivity and plasmons in non-twisted structures are reviewed, such as single layer graphene-hBN, bilayer graphene-hBN and graphene-metal moiré heterostructures. Next, recent investigations of twist-angle dependent optical response and plasmons are addressed in twisted moiré structures. Additionally, we discuss how optical properties and plasmons could contribute to the understanding of the many-body effects and superconductivity observed in moiré structures.