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Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms


An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum numbers:  n, l, ml, and...
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UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as annulenes. In...
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Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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Optical properties and plasmons in moiré structures.

Xueheng Kuang1, Pierre A Pantaleón Peralta2, Jose Angel Silva-Guillén2

  • 1Yangtze Delta Industrial Innovation Center of Quantum Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|January 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Optical properties of moiré structures, including twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), offer insights into their electronic behavior. This review covers optical conductivity, dielectric function, and plasmons in various graphene-based moiré systems.

Keywords:
moiré structuresoptical conductivityplasmonstwisted bilayer graphene

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Moiré structures, particularly twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), exhibit unique tunable electronic properties.
  • Optical response is a powerful tool for probing the electronic band structure and transport phenomena in these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental and theoretical studies on the optical properties of graphene-based moiré structures.
  • To highlight the role of moiré potential in influencing optical conductivity and plasmons.
  • To discuss the connection between optical properties, many-body effects, and superconductivity in moiré systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental techniques for optical characterization.
  • Theoretical modeling of optical conductivity, dielectric function, and plasmonics.
  • Analysis of moiré potential effects in both twisted and non-twisted systems.

Main Results:

  • Moiré potential significantly impacts optical conductivity and plasmons in various graphene-hBN and graphene-metal heterostructures.
  • Twist-angle dependent optical responses and plasmons are observed in twisted moiré structures.
  • Optical properties provide a pathway to understand emergent phenomena like superconductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Optical measurements and theoretical analyses are crucial for understanding the complex physics of moiré materials.
  • The tunability of optical properties in moiré structures opens avenues for novel electronic and photonic applications.
  • Further research into optical phenomena can elucidate the underlying many-body interactions in these systems.