Impaired humoral immunity following COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers
Takuro Kameda1, Atae Utsunomiya2, Nobuaki Otsuka3
1Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
Insights
Humoral immunity is impaired in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers after COVID-19 vaccination. Customized vaccination schedules may be needed for HTLV-1 carriers to ensure adequate immune response.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in southwestern Japan.
- The impact of HTLV-1 infection on humoral immunity following COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear.
- Understanding immune responses in HTLV-1 carriers is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the development of humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers.
- To compare antibody titers in HTLV-1 carriers versus HTLV-1-negative individuals.
- To identify factors influencing antibody response post-vaccination.
Main Methods:
- A prospective observational cohort study involving 181 participants (90 HTLV-1 carriers, 91 controls) in Japan.
- Assessment of plasma anti-COVID-19 spike IgG (IgG-S) titers after the third vaccine dose.
- Multivariate linear regression and overlap weighting propensity score methods were used to analyze data.
Main Results:
- HTLV-1 carriers were older and had more comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia) than controls.
- Anti-COVID-19 spike IgG titers decreased over time in both groups.
- HTLV-1 infection, time since vaccination, and age negatively impacted IgG-S titers.
Conclusions:
- Humoral immunity is impaired in HTLV-1 carriers after the third COVID-19 vaccine dose.
- HTLV-1 infection is associated with reduced antibody titers.
- Customized vaccination schedules may be necessary for HTLV-1 carriers.
Background:
Whether human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers can develop sufficient humoral immunity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is unknown.
Methods:
To investigate humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers, a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study was conducted at five institutions in southwestern Japan, an endemic area for HTLV-1. HTLV-1 carriers and HTLV-1-negative controls were enrolled for this study from January to December 2022. During this period, the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was actively administered. HTLV-1 carriers were enrolled during outpatient visits, while HTLV-1-negative controls included health care workers and patients treated by participating institutions for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. The main outcome was the effect of HTLV-1 infection on the plasma anti-COVID-19 spike IgG (IgG-S) titers after the third dose, assessed by multivariate linear regression with other clinical factors.
Results:
We analyzed 181 cases (90 HTLV-1 carriers, 91 HTLV-1-negative controls) after receiving the third dose. HTLV-1 carriers were older (median age 67.0 vs. 45.0 years, p < 0.001) and more frequently had diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia than did HTLV-1-negative controls (60.0% vs. 27.5%, p < 0.001). After the third dose, the IgG-S titers decreased over time in both carriers and controls. Multivariate linear regression in the entire cohort showed that time since the third dose, age, and HTLV-1 infection negatively influenced IgG-S titers. After adjusting for confounders such as age, or presence of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia between carriers and controls using the overlap weighting propensity score method, and performing weighted regression analysis in the entire cohort, both time since the third dose and HTLV-1 infection negatively influenced IgG-S titers.
Conclusions:
The humoral immunity after the third vaccination dose is impaired in HTLV-1 carriers; thus, customized vaccination schedules may be necessary for them.
More Related Videos
06:03Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
Published on: September 20, 2024
09:37Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
Published on: September 23, 2022
Related Concept Videos
01:36Humoral Immune Responses
01:25Immunodeficiency Diseases
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:51Vaccinations
01:23Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections