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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...

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Ionic Liquid Interface as a Cell Scaffold.

Takeshi Ueki1,2, Koichiro Uto1, Shota Yamamoto1

  • 1Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Water-immiscible ionic liquids offer tunable liquid cell culture platforms. These non-cytotoxic ionic liquids support human mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and spreading, enabling novel biomaterial development.

Keywords:
cell culturesgelsionic liquidsliquid interfacemechanobiology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional solid/hydrogel platforms have limitations for cell culture.
  • Water-immiscible liquids like perfluorocarbons and silicones support cell adhesion via protein nanolayers (PNLs).
  • Existing liquid substrates have narrow physicochemical ranges, limiting diverse cell culturing environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce water-immiscible ionic liquids (ILs) as a new class of tunable liquid substrates for cell culture.
  • To investigate the non-cytotoxic properties of tetraalkylphosphonium-based ILs for culturing human mesenchymal stem cells.
  • To explore the influence of IL properties on protein adsorption dynamics and PNL formation.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing human mesenchymal stem cells on tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids.
  • Modifying ionic liquid properties (cation charge distribution, alkyl chain length) to influence cell adhesion and spreading.
  • Utilizing high-speed atomic force microscopy to observe protein nanolayer formation dynamics.
  • Fabricating ion-gel cell scaffolds by exploiting the dissolution capabilities of ILs.

Main Results:

  • Tetraalkylphosphonium-based ILs were identified as non-cytotoxic, supporting human mesenchymal stem cell culture.
  • Reduced ionicity (via alkyl chain elongation) promoted cell spreading and mature focal contact formation.
  • Cation charge distribution significantly altered protein adsorption dynamics, denaturation, and PNL mechanics.
  • Ion-gel scaffolds demonstrated the contribution of bulk subphase mechanics to cellular mechanosensing.

Conclusions:

  • Water-immiscible ionic liquids represent a versatile platform for liquid cell culture with tunable properties.
  • Ionic liquid characteristics critically influence protein-liquid interfaces and cellular responses.
  • This work opens new avenues for designing advanced liquid-based cell culture scaffolds and biomaterials.