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Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media
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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation
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Coupling Bacterial Cell Size Regulation with Clonal Proliferation Dynamics Reveals Cell Division Based on Surface

César Nieto1, Sarah Täuber2,3, Luisa Blöbaum2,3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Delaware. Newark, DE 19716, USA.

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Cell size control, specifically the adder strategy, stabilizes colony size over generations, unlike timer models. This finding impacts understanding microbial population growth and size homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Single cells regulate size through growth and division, but how this impacts population expansion over generations is unknown.
  • Classical 'timer' models predict increasing colony size variation, while 'adder' models suggest eventual stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated mathematical modeling and experimental validation reveal mechanisms of size homeostasis in microbial colonies.
  • Stochastic dynamics of colony size elucidate single-cell size regulation and its population-level consequences.
  • The study bridges single-cell size control and clonal expansion dynamics for rod-shaped microbes.