Exploring Maternal and Child Health Among Tribal Communities in India: A Life Course Perspective.

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Sociology
• Anthropology

Background:

• Tribal populations in India face disproportionately high maternal and infant mortality and morbidity rates.
• Unfavorable socio-economic conditions and deficient health indicators exacerbate adverse health outcomes in these communities.
• A life course perspective is crucial for understanding the multifaceted risks impacting maternal and child health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore life course risks contributing to maternal and child health problems among Indian tribal populations.
• To examine barriers hindering healthcare service utilization during pregnancy and postpartum periods.
• To identify socio-ecological and developmental factors influencing health outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative study employing participant observation, key informant interviews (n=7), in-depth interviews (n=68), and focus groups (n=7).
• Data collected from Madia-Gond tribal women in Maharashtra, India (2017-2019).
• Verbal autopsies conducted with relatives of deceased women and infants.

Main Results:

• Multiple risk factors across socio-ecological levels and life stages identified.
• Harmful traditional practices, poor nutrition, and the burden of labor negatively impact women's health.
• Limited access to healthcare due to poverty, geographical isolation, and inadequate facilities.

Conclusions:

• Urgent need for improved healthcare access, education, and awareness on evidence-based practices for expectant mothers.
• Nutritional support programs are essential to mitigate high maternal and child mortality and morbidity.
• Addressing systemic barriers is critical for improving the health of tribal populations.