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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
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Investigating Differences in Behavior and Brain in Human-Human and Human-Autonomous Vehicle Interactions in

Anirudh Unni1, Alexander Trende2, Claire Pauley1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.

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Summary

Humans interacting with autonomous vehicles (AVs) show increased decision-making certainty and distinct brain activity compared to human-driven vehicles (HVs). This research explores human-AV interaction in complex traffic scenarios.

Keywords:
decision-makinghuman-autonomous vehicle interactionmultivariate logistic ridge regressionvaluation of actionswhole-head fNIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Transportation Engineering

Background:

  • Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are increasingly integrated into traffic, necessitating an understanding of human interaction dynamics.
  • Humans may alter their behavior with AVs due to their perceived risk-averse programming.
  • Investigating human-AV interactions is crucial for developing safe and efficient mixed-traffic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if participants value interactions with AVs differently than human-driven vehicles (HVs).
  • To characterize behavioral and brain-level differences in human responses to AVs versus HVs.
  • To analyze decision-making processes in complex traffic scenarios involving both AVs and HVs.

Main Methods:

  • Participants drove in a simulated urban environment under time pressure, encountering both AVs and HVs.
  • Whole-head brain activity was recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during driving tasks.
  • Participants performed left-lane turns at unsignalized intersections, navigating oncoming traffic composed of AVs and HVs.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral analysis showed no significant difference in safety margins used when turning in front of AVs versus HVs.
  • Participants exhibited greater certainty in decision-making when turning in front of AVs, indicated by reduced variance in gap acceptance.
  • fNIRS data allowed prediction of turning decisions (AV vs. HV) with 67.2% accuracy, highlighting distinct brain activity patterns in valuation areas.

Conclusions:

  • Human decision-making processes differ when interacting with AVs compared to HVs, particularly in terms of certainty.
  • Brain activity patterns, specifically in valuation-related areas, can distinguish interactions with AVs from those with HVs.
  • Findings provide valuable insights for designing control systems for future mixed-traffic environments.