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Somatostatin cell processes as pathways for paracrine secretion.

L I Larsson, N Goltermann, L de Magistris

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 28, 1979

Summary

Gastrointestinal endocrine cells release somatostatin through long cytoplasmic processes to regulate nearby cells, such as those producing gastrin and acid. This suggests a local paracrine control mechanism in the gut.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Endocrinology
Cell Biology

Background:

Somatostatin is a peptide hormone with significant roles in regulating gastrointestinal functions.
Gastrointestinal endocrine cells are known to secrete hormones that influence digestive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cellular mechanisms by which somatostatin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract exert their regulatory effects.
To explore the role of cytoplasmic processes in the function of gastrointestinal endocrine cells.

Main Methods:

Morphological analysis of gastrointestinal endocrine cells.
Observation of cytoplasmic processes extending from somatostatin cells.
Identification of target cells, including gastrin and acid-producing cells.

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Main Results:

Somatostatin is produced by endocrine cells possessing long, nonluminal cytoplasmic processes.
These processes terminate on adjacent cell types, notably gastrin- and acid-producing cells.
The functions of these target cells are significantly influenced by somatostatin.

Conclusions:

Somatostatin cells regulate adjacent cell functions via local peptide release from their cytoplasmic processes.
Similar cytoplasmic prolongations in other endocrine cells suggest analogous local (paracrine) regulatory roles.