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Observations on femoral head abnormalities in broilers.

S R Duff, C J Randall

    Research in Veterinary Science
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Traumatic injury during catching can cause detachment of the proximal femoral epiphysis in broilers. This condition, termed traumatic epiphyseolysis, is more accurate than femoral head necrosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Avian pathology
    • Poultry science
    • Veterinary orthopedics

    Background:

    • Proximal femoral epiphyseal detachment is observed in broilers with thigh hemorrhages, leading to downgrading at slaughter.
    • A traumatic etiology is proposed, with injury potentially occurring during the catching process.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the etiology and pathology of proximal femoral epiphyseal detachment in broilers.
    • To determine the appropriateness of terminology used to describe this condition.

    Main Methods:

    • Examination of field case material from affected broilers.
    • Analysis of birds culled from a commercial flock of the same strain.
    • Histopathological examination of physeal cartilage in proximal femora.

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    Main Results:

    • Physeal lesions, including clefts and matrix necrosis, are common in proximal femora of broilers, affecting both normal and dyschondroplastic cartilage.
    • Clefts may result from repetitive minor trauma, while total detachment can stem from acute trauma or pre-existing lesions.
    • Hemorrhage into thigh musculature is associated with epiphyseal detachment.

    Conclusions:

    • A traumatic etiology is strongly suggested for proximal femoral epiphyseal detachment in broilers.
    • The terms 'fracture separation' or 'traumatic epiphyseolysis' are more appropriate descriptors than 'femoral head necrosis' or 'degeneration'.