Synthesis of lipophilic antioxidant tyrosol laurate using imidazolium ionic liquid [Bmim]HSO₄ as a catalyst

Tyrosol is a natural phenolic compound with potent antioxidant properties in the field of food manufacturing. However, the low lipophilicity of tyrosol limited its application. Therefore, the construction of tyrosol laurate (Tyr-L) could effectively overcome the limitations of tyrosol. In this work, four ionic liquids (ILs) were applied for TYr-L preparation. Among them, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO₄) showed the best catalytic performance. The maximum TYr-L yield was achieved (94.24 ± 1.23 %) under the optimal conditions (reaction temperature 119 °C, substrate ratio 1:6.7, IL dosage 9.2 %, and reaction time 12 h). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and it was found that Ea, ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were 80.81 kJ·mol^-1, 77.63 kJ·mol^-1, -82.08 J·(mol·K)^-1, and 109.89 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The acidic [Bmim]HSO₄ demonstrated excellent reusability and stability, even after 6 cycles. Furthermore, TYr-L showed superior ABTS radical scavenging ability, which could be further applied in various industrial processes.