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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision
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Bitemarks and 3D scanner: An objective comparison for bitemarks. A pilot study.

Bianca Beltrame1, Giacomo Fassina2, Anna Aprile2

  • 1Institute of Legal Medicine of Brescia, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
|January 18, 2024
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel 3D scanning method for analyzing bite marks, offering a quantitative approach to compare dental characteristics. This technique enhances forensic identification by preserving and analyzing the three-dimensional aspects of bite marks.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Odontology
  • Digital Imaging
  • Biometrics

Background:

  • Bite mark analysis is crucial in forensic investigations for perpetrator identification.
  • Current methods rely on subjective visual comparison of photographic evidence.
  • Bite marks possess unique three-dimensional characteristics not fully captured by traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an innovative 3D scanning method for quantitative bite mark analysis.
  • To enable precise comparison between bite marks and human dentitions.
  • To explore the potential of digital technology in forensic dentistry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 10 adult human dentitions (plaster models) to create 20 experimental bite marks on dental wax.
  • Employed an iTero® 3D scanner for capturing three-dimensional data of dentitions and bite marks.
Keywords:
3-Dimensional scannerBitemarksCloudCompareForensic analysisHuman dentitionMeshMixer

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  • Processed scanned data using MeshMixer and CloudCompare software for visual and computerized analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated distinct trends in distribution curves when comparing human dentitions with coincident and non-coincident bite marks.
    • The 3D scanner effectively captured and preserved the three-dimensional features of bite marks.
    • Computerized analysis facilitated quantitative comparisons, revealing differences in point distribution.

    Conclusions:

    • The intraoral 3D scanner provides rapid recording and preservation of bite mark 3D characteristics.
    • This digital approach enables robust computerized analyses for improved forensic identification.
    • The method shows promise for enhancing the accuracy and objectivity of bite mark evidence evaluation.