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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

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Overview
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
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Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

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SARS-CoV-2-Virus structure and life cycle.

Sameer Saleem Tebha1, Aimen Tameezuddin2, Sanchit Bajpai3

  • 1Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Research, Larkins Community Hospital, South Miami, Florida, USA.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|January 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter overviews SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. It details viral structure, replication mechanisms, and its characteristics as a coronavirus, including immune response modulation.

Keywords:
CoronavirusLife cycleNon-structural proteinsSARS-CoV-2Structural proteinsViral genomic replicationVirus classificationVirus structure

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Understanding viral structure and replication is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To detail viral classification, structure, and replication mechanisms.
  • To explore coronavirus diversity and SARS-CoV-2's role.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses.
  • Detailed analysis of viral morphology, nucleic acid composition, and protein functions.
  • Examination of viral replication strategies and host immune interactions.

Main Results:

  • Classification of SARS-CoV-2 based on morphology and RNA genome.
  • Detailed description of structural and nonstructural proteins of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Elucidation of viral replication, transcription, RNA elongation, capping, and accessory protein functions.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 shares characteristics with other beta-coronaviruses.
  • Accessory proteins play a significant role in viral replication and immune modulation.
  • This overview provides foundational knowledge for COVID-19 research.