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SARS-CoV-2 immunity in animal models.

Zhao Chen1, Yaochang Yuan1, Qingtao Hu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.

Cellular & Molecular Immunology
|January 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review details the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and evaluates animal models for COVID-19 research. K18-hACE2 and mouse-adapted virus models show the most similarity to human patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2animal modelsimmune response

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global health crisis with severe respiratory and systemic complications.
  • Animal models are essential for understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, immune responses, and for developing therapeutics and vaccines.
  • Existing animal models include nonhuman primates, ferrets, hamsters, and various mouse models, each with unique characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
  • To provide an overview of current animal models used for SARS-CoV-2 research, including their immune responses and applications.
  • To compare transcriptomic data from animal models with clinical data from COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
  • Compilation and analysis of characteristics of various animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Comparative transcriptomic analysis of lung tissue from animal models and deceased COVID-19 patients.

Main Results:

  • The K18-hACE2 and mouse-adapted virus mouse models demonstrated the highest transcriptomic similarity to lung tissues of deceased COVID-19 patients.
  • Different animal models exhibit distinct immune responses and have specific applications in SARS-CoV-2 research.
  • Significant gaps remain in aligning findings from animal model studies with clinical observations.

Conclusions:

  • K18-hACE2 and mouse-adapted virus models are valuable tools for studying COVID-19 pathogenesis due to their similarity to human disease.
  • Further research is needed to bridge the gap between animal model findings and clinical outcomes in COVID-19.
  • Continued refinement of animal models is crucial for advancing the development of effective treatments and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.