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Age-dependent changes in the anger superiority effect: Evidence from a visual search task.

Francesco Ceccarini1, Ilaria Colpizzi2, Corrado Caudek3

  • 1Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|January 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Children aged 6-14 show an anger superiority effect, improving accuracy in detecting angry faces. This ability further develops in adolescence for faster threat detection.

Keywords:
Anger superiority effectAngry facesAttentionChildrenEmotionPreferential processingThreat perceptionVisual search

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Accurate perception of threatening facial expressions is crucial for social interaction.
  • The anger superiority effect (ASE) suggests enhanced processing of angry faces in adults.
  • The presence and developmental trajectory of ASE in children remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anger superiority effect in children aged 6-14 years.
  • To determine if children exhibit enhanced accuracy in identifying angry faces.
  • To examine developmental changes in threat detection during childhood and adolescence.

Main Methods:

  • A visual search task was employed with children aged 6-14 years.
  • Dynamic emotional facial stimuli were used.
  • Visual salience of target angry faces and distractor faces was equated.

Main Results:

  • Children demonstrated improved accuracy in detecting angry faces, indicating an anger superiority effect.
  • Adolescents showed further development in discriminating angry faces.
  • This developmental progression supports faster and more accurate threat detection in adolescence.

Conclusions:

  • The anger superiority effect is present in childhood, characterized by enhanced accuracy for angry faces.
  • Threat detection abilities, specifically discriminating angry faces, continue to develop through adolescence.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the developmental trajectory of emotional face perception and social cognition.