Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

3.5K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.5K
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

7.0K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
7.0K
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

7.8K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
7.8K
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

4.5K
In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
4.5K
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

7.1K
The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
7.1K
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

3.2K
Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Epx4 Nanopore With Multiple Constrictions for Single-Molecule Identification.

Small methods·2026
Same author

Direct evidence and quantification of homologous recognition between DNA duplexes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

An Exploratory Analysis of Antibody Dynamics in Isolated Organ Involvement of Antisynthetase Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience.

ACR open rheumatology·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of Temperature of Aqueous Solutions under the Conditions of Laser Trapping for Molecular Assembly.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Elucidating the Bell-Shaped Dependence of Protein Translation Activity on EF-Tu Concentration in a Reconstituted Cell-Free System Using a Mechanistic Model.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same author

Large-Diameter DNA-Scaffolded Nanopores Enabled by Loosely Packed Peptides for Single-Molecule Sensing.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Controlled encapsulation and droplet size prediction in two-step microfluidic double emulsions.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

A particulate blood-mimicking fluid with physiological biconcave geometry for microscale hemorheology.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

Multicellular sensor arrays fabricated by capillary stamping for pattern-based odor discrimination.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

A real-time microfluidic surveillance system for multiplex detection of heavy metal contamination in wastewater.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

Vision-guided parallel manipulation of cells with optoelectronic tweezers.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same journal

Review of nanofluidic mass transport systems: engineering through physicochemical fields and interfacial properties.

Lab on a chip·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting
08:35

Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting

Published on: February 21, 2014

14.9K

Lipid vesicle-based molecular robots.

Zugui Peng1, Shoji Iwabuchi1, Kayano Izumi1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan. rjkawano@cc.tuat.ac.jp.

Lab on a Chip
|January 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular robots, systems of molecular machines and computers, are advancing rapidly. These nanodevices offer transformative potential in medicine and environmental applications.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion
05:43

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

Published on: January 24, 2017

14.5K
Preparation, Purification, and Use of Fatty Acid-containing Liposomes
10:43

Preparation, Purification, and Use of Fatty Acid-containing Liposomes

Published on: February 9, 2018

48.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting
08:35

Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting

Published on: February 21, 2014

14.9K
Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion
05:43

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

Published on: January 24, 2017

14.5K
Preparation, Purification, and Use of Fatty Acid-containing Liposomes
10:43

Preparation, Purification, and Use of Fatty Acid-containing Liposomes

Published on: February 9, 2018

48.5K

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Engineering

Background:

  • Molecular robots integrate molecular machines and computers for sophisticated tasks.
  • Key components include a body, sensors, computers, and actuators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review approaches and considerations for developing molecular robots.
  • To highlight recent progress and future challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of foundational technologies for molecular robot construction.
  • Analysis of advancements in achieving higher functionality.
  • Discussion of current challenges and future outlook.

Main Results:

  • Molecular robots demonstrate potential in sensing biomarkers and energy conversion.
  • They enable signal communication with living cells.
  • Significant progress has been made in enhancing molecular robot functionality.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular robots are an emerging technology with vast potential.
  • They are poised to revolutionize biomedical and environmental technologies.
  • Continued development is crucial for realizing their full impact.