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Validity and Reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders
Erica Gima1, Carren Sui Lin Teh2, Nik Fariza Husna Nik Hassan1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences : MJMS
|January 19, 2024
Summary
The Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (mQOD) is a validated and reliable tool for assessing smell impairment in Malaysia. This study translated and tested the mQOD, confirming its utility for patients with olfactory disorders.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Psychometrics
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Olfactory disorders (OD) encompass various smell impairments.
- Existing diagnostic tools are not readily available or translated for the Malaysian population.
- Accurate assessment of OD is crucial for patient care and research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To translate the Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (QOD) into Malay.
- To validate and assess the reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (mQOD).
- To provide a culturally relevant tool for assessing olfactory dysfunction in Malaysia.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving forward and backward translation of the QOD.
- Distribution of the mQOD to participants with self-reported smell disorders on two separate occasions (days 1 and 7).
- Statistical analysis included Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity.
Main Results:
- A total of 323 participants completed the mQOD twice.
- High reliability was demonstrated with ICC scores > 0.9 for domain scores and good to excellent for all items.
- Cronbach's alpha values indicated acceptable internal consistency for most domains (e.g., 0.892 for life quality).
- Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor model for the mQOD with acceptable fit indices.
Conclusions:
- The Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (mQOD) is a valid and reliable instrument.
- mQOD can be effectively used for assessing olfactory disorders in the Malaysian population.
- This validated tool will aid in the diagnosis and management of smell impairments in Malaysia.
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