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DNA Profiling in Human Identification: From Past to Present.

Sundararajulu Panneerchelvam1, Mohd Nor Norazmi1,2

  • 1School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.

The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences : MJMS
|January 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Forensic DNA typing uses unique genetic profiles for identification and exoneration. Advances in short tandem repeat (STR) kits and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enhance precision in identifying human remains and matching crime scene evidence.

Keywords:
DNA typingchromosomelikelihood ratiomatch probabilitymicrosatelliteminisatellitemitochondriapolymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA typing is a globally accepted forensic tool for individual identification based on unique genetic makeup.
  • DNA evidence aids in identifying biological specimens at crime scenes and exonerating innocent suspects.
  • Technological progress has significantly improved the precision of DNA profiling in forensic investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and utility of various DNA polymorphisms in human identity testing.
  • To highlight the advancements in DNA profiling technologies and their forensic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of validated Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) short tandem repeats (STRs) kits.
  • Explanation of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications in DNA analysis.
  • Review of statistical methods enhancing DNA profiling accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Modern DNA profiling relies on decades of scientific refinement for high accuracy.
  • Validated CODIS STR kits, real-time PCR, and statistical methods are routinely used.
  • DNA profiling is crucial for identifying human remains, establishing paternity, and matching crime scene evidence.

Conclusions:

  • DNA profiling is a powerful and precise tool in forensic science.
  • Technological advancements have made DNA analysis highly accurate for human identity testing.
  • The review covers diverse DNA polymorphisms and their significance in forensic applications.