Gemological characteristics and inclusions of green rutilated quartz from Huanggangliang, Inner Mongolia

Normally, various minerals exist in quartz as inclusions. In this study, methods such as gem microscopy, polarizing microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to systematically study the gemological characteristics and inclusions in green rutilated quartz from Inner Mongolia. Results show that the sample appears green due to the chaotic distribution of green inclusions in the shape of hair filaments. Combined with the chemical composition, the inclusions are Ca-Fe-rich amphiboles with compositions very close to those of the end-member ferro-actinolite. According to the principle of amphibole nomenclature, the inclusions are named ferro-actinolite in the subclass of calc-alkaline amphiboles with a few named ferro-hornblende. Results suggested that the inclusions in green rutilated quartz were formed during the late stage of quartz crystallization. This work provides a new theoretical basis for the study of green rutilated quartz in Huanggangliang, Inner Mongolia.