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Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

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Low Part-Per-Trillion, Humidity Resistant Detection of Nitric Oxide Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators.

Yinchao Xu^1,2, Allison M Stanko³, Chloe S Cerione³

¹Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|January 19, 2024

Summary

A new sensor accurately detects gaseous nitric oxide (NO) at ultra-low levels, even in humid conditions. This breakthrough offers highly sensitive and selective NO detection for environmental and medical applications.

Keywords:

RAFT polymerization ferrocene gas sensor humidity resistance microresonator nitric oxide whispering-gallery mode

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Area of Science:

Chemical Sensors
Materials Science
Environmental Monitoring

Background:

Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial in physiological and atmospheric processes.
Existing gaseous NO sensors struggle with high sensitivity, selectivity, and humidity resistance, particularly at low concentrations.
Humidity significantly impacts sensor accuracy, leading to overestimated gas concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly sensitive, selective, and humidity-resistant sensor for gaseous nitric oxide (NO) detection.
To achieve detection limits in the part-per-trillion (ppt) range.
To evaluate the impact of polymer coating composition on sensor performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a whispering-gallery mode microtoroid optical resonator.
Synthesis of novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization for enhanced selectivity.
Real-time monitoring of the microtoroid's resonance frequency shift using a frequency-locked optical whispering evanescent resonator system.

Main Results:

Achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.34 ppt for nitric oxide.
Experimentally detected concentrations as low as 6.4 ppt, the lowest reported to date.
Demonstrated consistent sensor performance across various humidity levels, indicating high humidity resistance.

Conclusions:

The developed whispering-gallery mode microtoroid optical resonator sensor offers unprecedented sensitivity, selectivity, and humidity resistance for gaseous NO detection.
The novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings are key to achieving excellent analyte selectivity.
This technology has potential applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and planetary habitability studies.