Long-term Efficacy of Corticosteroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a debilitating condition that can cause significant morbidity. Corticosteroid injection (CI) is a popular treatment for CTS. Short-term benefits of CI for CTS have been reported, but there is little evidence on long-term outcomes. We performed a systematic review in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies which reported outcomes of CI for CTS with at least 1-year follow-up. We identified 20 total studies and extracted data on outcomes such as number of patients needing eventual surgery or reinjection, complications, and functional scores. In included studies, 41.6% of patients underwent eventual carpal tunnel release surgery (CTRS), 29% underwent reinjection, there were no major and approximately 34/1133 (3.0%) minor complications, and median/mean time from CI to eventual CTRS ranged from 128 to 446 days. There was disparity on the long-term efficacy of CI for functional outcomes. The evidence indicates that CI is a very low risk procedure that has potential to improve symptoms enough to either prevent or, in most cases, delay the need for further reintervention. However, our conclusions are limited by the heterogeneity of available studies. There is a need for further, high-quality research on this topic.