A new designed full process coverage robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty: a multicentre randomized clinical trial

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Robotics in Medicine
• Arthroplasty

Background:

• Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common procedure for hip joint diseases.
• Advancements in robotic technology offer potential improvements in surgical precision and patient outcomes.
• Robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RA-THA) aims to enhance accuracy and safety compared to traditional manual techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy of a new complete robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RA-THA) with manual total hip arthroplasty (MTHA).
• To evaluate the accuracy and safety of the RA-THA procedure.

Main Methods:

• A comparative study involving 148 patients undergoing THA, divided into RA-THA (n=74) and MTHA (n=74) groups.
• Key parameters assessed included operative time, prosthesis alignment (acetabular and femoral anteversion/angulation), leg length discrepancy (LLD), Harris hip score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score.

Main Results:

• No significant differences were found in patient demographics, Harris hip score, VAS score, or acetabular prosthesis positioning between the groups.
• Operative time was significantly longer in the RA-THA group (106.71±25.22 min) versus the MTHA group (79.42±16.16 min).
• RA-THA demonstrated significantly improved control of femoral angulation (1.78°±0.64° vs. 2.22°±1.11°) and reduced leg length discrepancy (2.87±1.55 mm vs. 5.81±6.27 mm) compared to MTHA.

Conclusions:

• Complete RA-THA shows advantages in restoring lower limb length and controlling femoral prosthesis angulation.
• The robot-assisted system demonstrates accuracy and safety, offering a viable alternative to traditional MTHA.