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Asthma as a Risk Factor for Hospitalization in Children and Youth With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Shana T Lara1,2, Lisa E Rein1,2, Amanda M Simanek2,3,4

  • 1From the Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 19, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with asthma face a higher risk of hospitalization from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study confirms asthma as a risk factor, highlighting the need for continued COVID-19 prevention and monitoring in pediatric asthma patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pulmonology
  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Mixed results exist on the association between asthma and COVID-19 hospitalization in children.
  • Asthma and COVID-19 hospitalization exhibit disparities influenced by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography.
  • Previous studies have not accounted for neighborhood context in this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between asthma and COVID-19 hospitalization in children and youth.
  • To determine if neighborhood context, via childhood opportunity indices, modifies this association.
  • To examine sociodemographic factors and season of diagnosis as moderators.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study of 28,997 children and youth diagnosed with COVID-19 in Milwaukee County, WI (March 2020 - May 2022).
  • Mixed effects logistic regression was employed, with random intercepts for census tracts to account for geographic variation.
  • Models adjusted for individual sociodemographic factors and assessed neighborhood-level childhood opportunity indices.

Main Results:

  • Asthma history was a significant risk factor for COVID-19 hospitalization in children and youth.
  • Hospitalization rates varied significantly by census tract, independent of childhood opportunity indices.
  • Season of diagnosis did not moderate the association between asthma and hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • Asthma is a confirmed risk factor for COVID-19 hospitalization among pediatric populations.
  • Children with asthma require careful monitoring and follow-up regarding COVID-19 infection.
  • Continued public health measures to prevent COVID-19 are crucial for this vulnerable group.
Abstract

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