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Related Concept Videos

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Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Necrosis01:16

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Apoptosis01:30

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum
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Cell death.

Kim Newton1, Andreas Strasser2, Nobuhiko Kayagaki1

  • 1Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.

Cell
|January 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, is vital for development and disease prevention. Understanding these programmed cell death pathways offers therapeutic strategies for cancer and other conditions.

Keywords:
apoptosiscell deathferroptosisnecroptosispyroptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cell death is essential for development, tissue homeostasis, and pathogen defense.
  • Key programmed cell death pathways include apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis.
  • Ferroptosis represents a distinct cell death modality driven by metabolic dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the signaling mechanisms of major cell death pathways.
  • To discuss the role of cell death dysregulation in disease pathogenesis.
  • To highlight therapeutic strategies targeting cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell death signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of the link between cell death and disease.
  • Survey of current and emerging therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed elucidation of signaling cascades for apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis.
  • Demonstration of how aberrant cell death contributes to diseases like cancer.
  • Identification of therapeutic targets for modulating cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding distinct cell death pathways is crucial for disease intervention.
  • Targeting cell death mechanisms presents promising therapeutic avenues.
  • Balancing cell death is key for treating cancer and other pathologies.