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Does heat tolerance actually predict animals' geographic thermal limits?

Agustín Camacho1, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues2, Refat Jayyusi3

  • 1Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Av. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-090, Brazil.

The Science of the Total Environment
|January 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Species' heat tolerance is a key factor in predicting their vulnerability to climate extremes. This study reveals that traditional measures often fail to predict geographic limits, highlighting the need for better thermal vulnerability indexes.

Keywords:
CTmaxGeographic thermal limitsHeat toleranceThermoregulationWarm edges

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Zoology

Background:

  • The climate extremes hypothesis assumes heat tolerance limits species' geographic ranges.
  • This assumption is largely untested across diverse taxa.
  • Factors may decouple heat tolerance from geographic distribution limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if species' heat tolerance constrains their maximum observed temperatures (Tmax) at geographic limits.
  • To assess if the strength of this constraint varies with Tmax relative to heat tolerance.
  • To correlate Tmax estimates across species and environments.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a dataset of 1000 entries on heat tolerance and Tmax for marine fish, arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
  • Analyzed the relationship between heat tolerance and Tmax at species' geographic warm edges.
  • Correlated various Tmax estimates across terrestrial and marine environments.

Main Results:

  • Heat tolerance strongly restricts geographic limits for amphibians, arthropods, and birds, but weakly for reptiles and mammals.
  • Marine fish show a non-linear relationship between heat tolerance and Tmax, contrasting with terrestrial species.
  • Traditional heat tolerance measures (e.g., panting temperature) poorly predict Tmax.

Conclusions:

  • Reliable species' heat tolerance indexes are crucial for identifying thermal vulnerability at warm range edges.
  • Multiple thermal challenges likely shape warm edges for terrestrial species.
  • Fish thermoregulation appears limited, with heterogeneous Tmax correlations in marine environments.