Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.9K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

514
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
514
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

5.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.4K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

809
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
809
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.4K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

243
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
243

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multimodal feedback enhances human belief updating performance and reduces cognitive load in urban drone operation.

Frontiers in robotics and AI·2026
Same author

Blood pressure-stratified associations of the atherogenic index of plasma with all-cause mortality: a 10-year rural cohort study in China.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of Chinese word form processing: An SEEG study.

Cognitive neuropsychology·2026
Same author

Associations of single and mixed air pollution exposure with lung function and incident pulmonary fibrosis: The mediation effect of low-grade inflammation.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2026
Same author

Reaction-Kinetics-Driven Epitaxy of Wafer-Scale WS<sub>2</sub> by Molten Precursor Engineering.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Multi-targeted protection of Yuping Tongqiao against allergic rhinitis: suppression of inflammatory response via TSLP signaling and reinforcement of epithelial barrier integrity via AhR signaling.

Frontiers in allergy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K

Mechanisms underlying category learning in the human ventral occipito-temporal cortex.

Xiangqi Luo1, Mingyang Li2, Jiahong Zeng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.

Neuroimage
|January 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study shows how the brain

Keywords:
Category dissociationCategory learningMeaningless stimulusNonvisual featuresVOTC

More Related Videos

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

11.8K
Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K
Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

11.8K
Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The human ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) contains specialized regions for processing categories like words, tools, and animals.
  • Category formation in the VOTC is influenced by both visual input and nonvisual experiences.
  • The precise mechanisms by which nonvisual experiences shape VOTC category selectivity remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how top-down nonvisual experiences modulate category-specific processing in the human VOTC.
  • To determine if training can induce new category preferences in the VOTC.
  • To explore the neural basis of encoding different nonvisual categorical information within the VOTC.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent approximately 13 hours of training to associate novel meaningless figures with distinct nonvisual features (wordlike, non-wordlike, or visual familiarity).
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity before and after training during stimulus presentation.
  • Analysis focused on changes in VOTC activation patterns and category selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Training successfully induced categorical preferences for the trained categories within the VOTC.
  • The brain regions associated with the two trained categories showed significant overlap.
  • Within this overlapping region, distinct activation patterns and intensities emerged for each training category.

Conclusions:

  • Top-down nonvisual experiences can shape category-specific representations in the human VOTC.
  • The VOTC demonstrates plasticity in forming and differentiating category representations based on nonvisual cues.
  • These findings offer insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the integration of nonvisual information in visual category processing.