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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Energy homeostasis in the bone.

Min Zhou1, Yu-Ze An1, Qi Guo1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan 410008, PR China.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|January 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Bone is a vital energy reservoir, influencing whole-body metabolism. Understanding bone energy metabolism and its role in diseases like osteoporosis offers new therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:
amino acidsboneenergy homeostasisglycolysisβ-oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Bone functions as a significant energy reservoir, actively participating in systemic energy metabolism.
  • Energy metabolism in bone is crucial under physiological conditions and is dysregulated in bone metabolic diseases.
  • Existing research has explored bone's fuel requirements and bioenergetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary energy sources within bone cells and their regulatory mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the endocrine function of bone in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis.
  • To discuss metabolic alterations associated with osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on bone energy metabolism.
  • Analysis of the regulation of energy sources in bone cells.
  • Examination of the endocrine role of bone in systemic energy balance.
  • Review of metabolic changes in osteoporosis.

Main Results:

  • Bone cells utilize specific energy sources regulated by cellular processes.
  • Bone plays an active endocrine role in systemic energy homeostasis.
  • Osteoporosis is characterized by distinct changes in bone's metabolic profile.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of bone energy metabolism is essential for advancing metabolic disease research.
  • Investigating bone's bioenergetics provides novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.
  • Further exploration can enhance the comprehension of bone's role in overall energy balance and disease pathogenesis.