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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching01:29

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Double bonds in alkenes and carbonyl compounds exhibit stretching frequencies in the diagnostic region of the IR spectrum. In addition, alkenes exhibit vinylic C–H stretching and C–H out-of-plane bending absorptions that are useful for identifying substitution patterns.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

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When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
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Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
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Active mid-infrared ring resonators.

Dmitry Kazakov1, Theodore P Letsou2,3, Maximilian Beiser4

  • 1Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. kazakov@g.harvard.edu.

Nature Communications
|January 19, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed active mid-infrared ring resonators for integrated photonics. These devices offer electrical control for tunable filters, frequency converters, and frequency comb generators, advancing spectroscopy and communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Integrated Photonics
  • Mid-Infrared Optics
  • Quantum Cascade Lasers

Background:

  • Optical ring resonators enable miniaturized photonic devices in visible and near-infrared spectra.
  • The mid-infrared (3-12 µm) spectral region is crucial for molecular sensing and spectroscopy but lacks integrated photonic components.
  • Development of active, tunable mid-infrared photonic circuits is essential for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the integration of active mid-infrared ring resonators and directional couplers.
  • To achieve electrical control over resonator properties like frequency, quality factor, and coupling.
  • To showcase the versatility of these devices as tunable filters, frequency converters, and frequency comb generators.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of a quantum cascade active region within the waveguide core of mid-infrared ring resonators.
  • Design and fabrication of integrated ring resonators and directional couplers.
  • Characterization of device performance under electrical control.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of active quantum cascade regions into mid-infrared ring resonators.
  • Demonstration of electrical tunability of resonant frequency, quality factor, coupling regime, and coupling coefficient.
  • Experimental validation of devices functioning as tunable filters, nonlinear frequency converters, and frequency comb generators.

Conclusions:

  • The developed active mid-infrared ring resonators enable electrically controlled, versatile photonic functions.
  • These integrated devices pave the way for purpose-specific mid-infrared active photonic integrated circuits.
  • The technology holds promise for advancements in spectroscopy, communication, and microwave generation.