Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

8.6K
James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
8.6K
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

926
A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
926
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

1.5K
Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
1.5K
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

2.9K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
2.9K
Travelling Waves01:04

Travelling Waves

5.2K
A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is...
5.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

655
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
655

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interface charge engineering in Pd<sub>3</sub>Sn/Ru heterostructures for ultra-efficient wide-pH hydrogen evolution.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2025
Same author

Role of capsaicin, circadian clock genes, and TRPV1 in colorectal carcinogenesis: Lessons and future directions.

Journal of advanced research·2025
Same author

Enhanced Hydrophilicity and Antifouling Performance of PEG with Sulfoxide-Containing Side Chains for Nanomedicine Applications.

Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)·2025
Same author

S-ketamine relieves neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglia phagocytosis of the perineuronal nets.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

<i>N</i>'-Aryl α,β-Unsaturated Fatty Acid Hydrazides with Broad Antifungal Activity: Design, Bioactivity, and Action Mechanism.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2025
Same author

Anti-Swelling Hydrogel Combined With Nucleus Pulposus Cell Exosomes and Senolytic Drugs Efficiently Repair Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

13.4K

Bistable spiral wave dynamics in electrically excitable media.

Zhaoyang Zhang1, Yuhao Zhang1, Zhilin Qu2

  • 1Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A positive feedback loop creates bistable waves in excitable media, leading to complex dynamics. This saddle-node bifurcation mechanism may explain cardiac arrhythmias and neural diseases.

More Related Videos

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.2K
Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations
06:51

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Published on: August 21, 2018

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

13.4K
Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.2K
Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations
06:51

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Published on: August 21, 2018

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Electrically excitable media exhibit complex wave phenomena.
  • Understanding wave dynamics is crucial for studying physiological processes and diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind bistable wave behaviors in excitable media.
  • To explore the role of sodium current inactivation and wave-front ramp-up speed.
  • To identify potential mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmias and neural diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of electrically excitable media.
  • Analysis of saddle-node bifurcation.
  • Simulation of planar and spiral wave dynamics.

Main Results:

  • A positive feedback loop between sodium current inactivation and wave-front ramp-up speed induces bistability.
  • Saddle-node bifurcation leads to the coexistence of slow and fast planar and spiral waves.
  • Interactions between different spiral wave types generate complex dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The identified saddle-node bifurcation mechanism provides a potential explanation for wave transitions in cardiac arrhythmias and neural diseases.
  • Bistable wave behaviors are a key feature of complex dynamics in excitable media.