Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2025
08:41
Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro
Published on: February 9, 2016
9.1K
Concepts in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia pathogenesis
Clarissa Garcia1, Megan D Miller-Awe1, Matthew T Witkowski1
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|January 20, 2024
Summary
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) develops from genetic changes in B cell progenitors. This review explores B-ALL mechanisms, including genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, and disparities affecting survival.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) originates from genetic alterations in B cell progenitors.
- While treatments have improved prognoses, some patients remain resistant to therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanistic underpinnings of B-ALL transformation.
- To highlight recent advances in understanding B-ALL development and patient survival.
Main Methods:
- Review of normative B cell lymphopoiesis.
- Delineation of genetic aberrations impacting B cell progenitor differentiation.
- Exploration of recent advances in B-ALL research.
Main Results:
- Genetic aberrations perturb B cell differentiation and promote protumorigenic signaling in B-ALL.
- Metabolic reprogramming, microbiome, and inflammation are key factors in B-ALL.
- Socioeconomic and racial disparities significantly impact B-ALL transformation and survival.
Conclusions:
- Understanding B-ALL mechanisms is crucial for improving treatment strategies.
- Addressing multifaceted factors, including disparities, is essential for enhancing patient outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:24B Cell Activation and Differentiation
1.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.7K
01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
989
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
989
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.4K
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.6K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.6K
01:27Disorders of Leukocytes
956
Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
956
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
822
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
822