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Concepts in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia pathogenesis.

Clarissa Garcia1, Megan D Miller-Awe1, Matthew T Witkowski1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|January 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) develops from genetic changes in B cell progenitors. This review explores B-ALL mechanisms, including genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, and disparities affecting survival.

Keywords:
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiadisparitiesleukemic transformationpatient survivaltumor metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) originates from genetic alterations in B cell progenitors.
  • While treatments have improved prognoses, some patients remain resistant to therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanistic underpinnings of B-ALL transformation.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding B-ALL development and patient survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of normative B cell lymphopoiesis.
  • Delineation of genetic aberrations impacting B cell progenitor differentiation.
  • Exploration of recent advances in B-ALL research.

Main Results:

  • Genetic aberrations perturb B cell differentiation and promote protumorigenic signaling in B-ALL.
  • Metabolic reprogramming, microbiome, and inflammation are key factors in B-ALL.
  • Socioeconomic and racial disparities significantly impact B-ALL transformation and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding B-ALL mechanisms is crucial for improving treatment strategies.
  • Addressing multifaceted factors, including disparities, is essential for enhancing patient outcomes.