Surface and interface engineering of BiOCl nanomaterials and their photocatalytic applications

BiOCl materials have received much attention because of their unique optical and electrical properties. Still, their unsatisfactory catalytic performance has been troubling researchers, limiting the application of BiOCl-based photocatalysts. Therefore, many researchers have studied the adjustment of BiOCl-based materials to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. This review focuses on surface and interface engineering strategies for boosting the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl-based nanomaterials, including forming oxygen vacancy defects, constructing metal/BiOCl, and the fabrication of semiconductor/BiOCl nanocomposites. The photocatalytic applications of the above composites are also concluded in photodegradation of aqueous pollutants, photocatalytic NO removal, photo-induced H₂ production, and CO₂ reduction. Special emphasis has been given to the modification methods of BiOCl and photocatalytic mechanisms to provide a more detailed understanding for researchers in the fields of energy conversion and materials sciences.