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Cell-cycle-linked growth reprogramming encodes developmental time into leaf morphogenesis.

Xin-Min Li1, Hannah Jenke1, Sören Strauss1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant age influences leaf development through distinct cell growth patterns. The SPL9 transcription factor and CyclinD3 genes control this age-dependent leaf shape and growth reprogramming.

Keywords:
SPL9cell cycledevelopmental timingfate-mappinggrowth patternheteroblastyleaf morphogenesisproliferation-differentiation transitionproximodistal gradienttime-lapse

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Organ growth and morphogenesis are influenced by time, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Leaf heteroblasty, a phenomenon of age-dependent changes in leaf form, offers a model to study this temporal regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how time is encoded into organ growth and morphogenesis, specifically focusing on leaf heteroblasty.
  • To identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling age-dependent changes in leaf development.

Main Methods:

  • Morphometric analyses
  • Fate-mapping via live-imaging
  • Computational analyses
  • Genetic studies

Main Results:

  • Identified age-dependent changes in cell-cycle-associated growth and histogenesis underlying leaf heteroblasty.
  • Juvenile leaves exhibit a rapid "proliferation burst" and fast growth, while adult leaves show sustained, slower proliferative growth.
  • The SPL9 transcription factor mediates these effects, acting on CyclinD3 genes to regulate leaf shape and cellular growth reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • A mechanism linking cell-cycle control to age-dependent organ geometry has been identified.
  • This mechanism operates across cellular, tissue, and whole-organism scales.
  • SPL9 and CyclinD3 genes play crucial roles in mediating age-dependent leaf development and shape.