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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

180
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
180
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

166
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
166
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

158
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
158
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

216
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
216
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

167
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
167
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

239
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
239

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The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
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Sarcoidosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension.

Laurent Savale1, Peter Dorfmüller2, Athénaïs Boucly1

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive CareMedicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|January 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication of advanced sarcoidosis, causing shortness of breath and reduced survival. More research is needed to guide treatment for sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension.

Keywords:
Pulmonary hypertensionSarcoidosisScreening

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe complication in advanced sarcoidosis.
  • It can manifest as precapillary or postcapillary PH due to various underlying mechanisms.
  • Sarcoidosis-associated PH significantly impairs exercise capacity, causes dyspnea, and reduces survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and implications of pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis.
  • To highlight the lack of specific management guidelines for sarcoidosis-associated PH.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing evidence on sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to elevated pulmonary pressure.
  • Evaluation of the clinical impact and prognostic significance of PH in sarcoidosis patients.

Main Results:

  • Sarcoidosis can lead to both precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension.
  • Associated PH contributes to significant exertional dyspnea and reduced exercise tolerance.
  • Survival is notably compromised in patients with sarcoidosis-associated PH.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary hypertension is a critical and life-threatening complication of advanced sarcoidosis.
  • Current evidence is insufficient to establish specific management guidelines.
  • Further research is essential to identify patient subgroups benefiting from pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted and/or immunosuppressive therapies.