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[Research progress on mTOR signaling pathway and regulatory T cell nutrition metabolic regulation mechanism]

Ming Wu1, Fang Wang2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.

Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology
|January 21, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates T cell metabolism in tumors, impacting immune suppression and tumor escape. Targeting mTOR offers potential for cancer immunotherapy, despite current challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment influences T cell function, promoting immunosuppression and tumor immune escape.
  • The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is crucial for regulating immune cell functions.
  • Understanding mTOR's role in T cell metabolism is key to overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression.

Approach:

  • This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which mTOR signaling regulates cellular energy metabolism.
  • It examines mTOR activation under various nutritional conditions.
  • The review synthesizes current research on mTOR signaling in regulatory T cell (Treg) metabolism and function.

Key Points:

  • mTOR signaling critically controls T cell metabolic reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Nutritional status significantly affects mTOR pathway activation and subsequent T cell function.
  • mTOR plays a vital role in the metabolism and immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Conclusions:

  • The mTOR pathway is a significant regulator of T cell metabolism and immune responses in cancer.
  • mTOR presents a promising target for clinical immunotherapeutic strategies against tumors.
  • Challenges remain in the clinical application of mTOR-targeted therapies, requiring further investigation.

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